The temporomandibular system (TMD)

The temporomandibular system (TMD) refers to the jaw muscles (in the jaw and facial area) and the temporomandibular joint. The goal of TMD physiotherapy is to reduce soft tissue tension and normalize jaw joint function.

Joint mobilization techniques used in physiotherapy improve jaw mobility and relieve pain. Soft tissue treatments help relax the muscles, reduce pain, and improve function in the affected area. Physiotherapy also includes guided exercises to relax the chewing muscles and restore mobility. TMD physiotherapy may include posture correction, therapeutic exercises, and relaxation treatments for the jaw muscles as well as the neck and shoulder region. With your consent, your physiotherapist may also collaborate with your dentist.

Pain and tension in the jaw area can also be treated with acupuncture and fascial manipulation.

Common symptoms include

• Various sounds when moving the jaw, such as clicking, popping, or grinding

• Pain during chewing, difficulty opening the mouth, or the jaw suddenly locking open

• Sensation of a lump in the throat or pain when swallowing

• Ear pain: jaw-related pain often radiates to the ear area

• Pain in the forehead, temples, neck, and cervical spine

• Tension-type headaches

• Dizziness and ringing in the ears (tinnitus)

For more information on temporomandibular disorders, please refer to the Finnish Current Care (Käypä hoito) guidelines.